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Update "precondition" to "query" and "internal" to "property" based on terminology found in NSO Playtest.
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(Update "precondition" to "query" and "internal" to "property" based on terminology found in NSO Playtest.)
 
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'''AINB''' ('''AI''' '''N'''ode '''B'''inary) is a file format used for AI and logic on ''Tears of the Kingdom'' as well as other recent Nintendo EPD games. This article is primarily aimed at the version that appears in ''Tears of the Kingdom'' and ''Super Mario Bros. Wonder'' (v0x0407). AINB files can be found in the AI, Logic, and Sequence folders of the romfs as well as within various packs.
'''AINB''' ('''AI''' '''N'''ode '''B'''inary) is a file format implementing behavior trees for game-specific code. At time of writing it has only appeared in titles on the ModuleSystem game engine. This article is primarily aimed at the version that appears in ''Tears of the Kingdom,'' ''Super Mario Bros. Wonder, Mario vs Donkey Kong,'' and ''Nintendo Switch Online: Playtest Program'' (v0x407). An older version appears in ''Nintendo Switch Sports'' and ''Splatoon 3'' (v0x404). ModuleSystem provides 3 built-in file categories that appear in their own dedicated folders in a title's romfs, being "AI" for actor behavior, "Logic" for actor ai group behavior, and "Sequence" for scene behavior, individual games are free to create their own file categories.


=== File Structure ===
=== File Structure ===
AINB is a little endian format similar to most Switch file formats. An AINB file consists of a set of interconnected nodes which act like a syntax tree and control the behavior of actors. These nodes can also be calls to external AINB files, allowing AINB files to form entire trees of files. The root file of the tree will have <code>.root.ainb</code> as their extension while each module in the tree will have the extension <code>.module.ainb</code>. There are three primary categories of AINB files in ''TotK'': AI, Logic, and Sequence. For AI and Sequence files, the file's entry point is one or more commands which is linked to one or two child nodes. All nodes are accessed by their index (references to precondition nodes will use their precondition node index which is local to the amount of precondition nodes in the file).
AINB is little endian. An AINB file defines a set of commands to evaluate a tree of built-in or game-specific node classes. The built-in "Element_ModuleCaller" node and supporting structures allow a "root" AINB file to call out to an external "module" AINB file, module's can call further modules, allowing AINB files to form a tree of tree's. An AINB's file extension typically designates whether it is a root <code>.root.ainb</code> or module <code>.module.ainb</code>. For AI and Sequence files, the file's entry point is one or more commands which is linked to one or two child nodes. All nodes are accessed by their index (references to query nodes will use their query node index which is local to the amount of query nodes in the file).


All string offsets in the file are relative to the beginning of the string pool and name hashes are 32-bit murmur3 hashes. There are six possible types for AINB parameters: int (signed 32-bit integer), bool, float (32-bit), vector3f, and pointer. Pointer parameters are pointers to objects.
All string offsets in the file are relative to the beginning of the string pool and name hashes are 32-bit murmur3 hashes. There are six possible data types for AINB parameters: int (signed 32-bit integer), bool, float (32-bit), vector3f, and pointer. Pointer parameters are pointers to objects.


==== Section Order ====
==== Section Order ====
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# Node Bodies
# Node Bodies
# Attachment Parameters
# Attachment Parameters
# Immediate Parameters
# Property Parameters
# Input/Output Parameters
# Input/Output Parameters
# Multi-Parameters
# Multi-Parameters
# Resident Update Array
# Active Node Update Array
# 0x50 Section (Unused in ''TotK'')
# 0x50 Section (Unused in ''TotK'')
# Precondition Nodes
# Query Node Array
# Expression Binary
# Expression Binary
# Embedded AINB Files
# AINB Modules
# Entry Strings
# External Action Array
# File Hashes
# File Hashes
# Child Replacement Table
# Child Replacement Table
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|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Precondition Node Count
|Query Node Count
|-
|-
|0x18
|0x18
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|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Immediate Parameters Offset
|Property Parameters Offset
|-
|-
|0x30
|0x30
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Resident Update Array Offset
|Active Node Update Array Offset
|-
|-
|0x34
|0x34
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|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Precondition Node Array Offset
|Query Node Array Offset
|-
|-
|0x50
|0x50
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Unknown (unused in ''TotK'', always the same as the Resident Update Array Offset)
|Unknown (unused in ''TotK'', always the same as the Active Node Update Array Offset)
|-
|-
|0x54
|0x54
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|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Embedded AINB Files Offset
|AINB Modules Array Offset
|-
|-
|0x60
|0x60
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|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|File Category (0 = AI, 1 = Logic, 2 = Sequence) - only ''TotK''
|File Category (0 = AI, 1 = Logic, 2 = Sequence) (''Splatoon 3'' game specific, 3 = UniqueSequenceSPL)
|-
|-
|0x68
|0x68
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Entry Strings Offset (purpose unknown)
|External Action Array Offset
|-
|-
|0x6C
|0x6C
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|0x02
|0x02
|u16
|u16
|Left Node Index
|Main Node Index
|-
|-
|0x16
|0x16
|0x02
|0x02
|u16
|u16
|Right Node Index (one greater than the corresponding node index)
|Secondary Node Index (value offset by 1, 0 is reserved)
|}
|}
Command GUIDs are only used for debug messages. Right Node Index will be -1 if the command only has one child node.
Command GUIDs are only used for debug messages. Right Node Index will be -1 if the command only has one child node.
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|0x02
|0x02
|u16
|u16
|Base Precondition Node
|Base Query Node
|-
|-
|0x26
|0x26
|0x02
|0x02
|u16
|u16
|Precondition Node Count
|Query Node Count
|-
|-
|0x28
|0x28
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|-
|-
|Element_Fork
|Element_Fork
|See Resident Update Array
|See Active Node Update Array
|-
|-
|Element_Join
|Element_Join
|See Resident Update Array
|See Active Node Update Array
|-
|-
|Element_Alert
|Element_Alert
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|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_S32
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_S32
|Passes a signed int as output to another node as input
|Receives a signed int input from the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_F32
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_F32
|Passes a 32-bit float as output to another node as input
|Receives a 32-bit float input from the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_Vec3f
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_Vec3f
|Passes a vector3f as output to another node as input
|Receives a vector3f input from the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_String
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_String
|Passes a string as output to another node as input
|Receives a string input from the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_Bool
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_Bool
|Passes a boolean int as output to another node as input
|Receives a bool input from the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_Ptr
|Element_ModuleIF_Input_Ptr
|Passes a pointer as output to another node as input
|Receives an object pointer input from the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_S32
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_S32
|Passes a signed int as output to another node as output
|Returns a signed int output from the module to the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_F32
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_F32
|Passes a 32-bit float as output to another node as output
|Returns a 32-bit float output from the module to the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_Vec3f
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_Vec3f
|Passes a vector3f as output to another node as output
|Returns a vector3f output from the module to the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_String
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_String
|Passes a string as output to another node as output
|Returns a string output from the module to the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_Bool
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_Bool
|Passes a boolean int as output to another node as output
|Returns a bool output from the module to the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_Ptr
|Element_ModuleIF_Output_Ptr
|Passes a pointer as output to another node as output
|Returns an object pointer output from the module to the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_ModuleIF_Child
|Element_ModuleIF_Child
|Unsure, appears to just be a node connected to a ModuleIF node as a child node
|Returns the node connection name from the module to the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_StateEnd
|Element_StateEnd
|Termination node
|Termination node, specifies what resident node to return to in the calling AINB file
|-
|-
|Element_SplitTiming
|Element_SplitTiming
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|-
|-
|1
|1
|Is Precondition Node
|Is Query Node
|-
|-
|1
|1
|Is External AINB File
|Is Module
|-
|-
|1
|1
|Is Resident Node
|Is Resident Node
|-
|-
|5
|1
|MultiParam Type 2
|-
|4
|
|
|}
|}
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|Is File Reference Valid
|Is File Reference Valid
|}
|}
The default value entries vary based on the parameter's data type. For int and float parameters, the entry is a four byte immediate value. String entries are a four byte string value offset. Bool entries are a single byte immediate value and vector3f entries are 12 bytes. Note that pointer parameters do not have default value entries and do not have default values.
The default value entries vary based on the parameter's data type. For int, float, and bool parameters, the entry is a four byte immediate value. String entries are a four byte string value offset. Vector3f entries are 12 bytes. Note that pointer parameters do not have default value entries and do not have default values.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+File Reference Entry
|+File Reference Entry
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|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Unknown Hash
|Filename Hash (no extension)
|-
|-
|0x0C
|0x0C
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Unknown Hash
|File Extension Hash (no .)
|}
|}


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|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Int Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Int Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x04
|0x04
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Int Immediate Parameter Count
|Int Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x08
|0x08
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Bool Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Bool Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x0C
|0x0C
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Bool Immediate Parameter Count
|Bool Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x10
|0x10
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Float Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Float Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x14
|0x14
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Float Immediate Parameter Count
|Float Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x18
|0x18
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|String Immediate Parameter Base Index
|String Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x1C
|0x1C
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|String Immediate Parameter Count
|String Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x20
|0x20
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Vector3f Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Vector3f Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x24
|0x24
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Vector3f Immediate Parameter Count
|Vector3f Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x28
|0x28
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Pointer Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Pointer Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x2C
|0x2C
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Pointer Immediate Parameter Count
|Pointer Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x30
|0x30
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|0x01
|0x01
|u8
|u8
|Resident Update Node Count
|Active Node Update Count
|-
|-
|0x07
|0x07
|0x01
|0x01
|u8
|u8
|Resident Update Base Index
|Active Node Update Base Index
|-
|-
|0x08
|0x08
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|Value
|Value
|}
|}
The interpretation of the value depends on the connection type. For input or output connections, the value is a string offset to the parameter name. For standard connections, the value is a string offset to the connection name. For resident update connections, the value is an index into the resident update array. Certain node/connection types will also extend the entry length. Selector-type nodes excluding <code>Element_BoolSelector</code> and <code>Element_F32Selector</code> will have an extra four bytes which stores the condition for to link to the child node. For <code>Element_S32Selector</code>, this is an immediate value. For <code>Element_RandomSelector</code>, this is a weight and for <code>Element_StringSelector</code> it is a u32 string offset. The condition for  <code>Element_BoolSelector</code> is the entry's value string. <code>Element_F32Selector</code> adds 24 bytes to each entry, consisting of four eight-byte sub-entries.
The interpretation of the value depends on the connection type. For input or output connections, the value is a string offset to the parameter name. For standard connections, the value is a string offset to the connection name. For active node update connections, the value is an index into the active node update array. Certain node/connection types will also extend the entry length. Selector-type nodes excluding <code>Element_BoolSelector</code> and <code>Element_F32Selector</code> will have an extra four bytes which stores the condition for to link to the child node. For <code>Element_S32Selector</code>, this is an immediate value. For <code>Element_RandomSelector</code>, this is a weight and for <code>Element_StringSelector</code> it is a u32 string offset. The condition for  <code>Element_BoolSelector</code> is the entry's value string. <code>Element_F32Selector</code> adds 24 bytes to each entry, consisting of four eight-byte sub-entries.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+<code>Element_F32Selector Condition Entry</code>
|+<code>Element_F32Selector Condition Entry</code>
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|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Int Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Int Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x08
|0x08
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Int Immediate Parameter Count
|Int Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x0C
|0x0C
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Bool Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Bool Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x10
|0x10
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Bool Immediate Parameter Count
|Bool Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x14
|0x14
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Float Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Float Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x18
|0x18
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Float Immediate Parameter Count
|Float Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x1C
|0x1C
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|String Immediate Parameter Base Index
|String Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x20
|0x20
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|String Immediate Parameter Count
|String Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x24
|0x24
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Vector3f Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Vector3f Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x28
|0x28
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Vector3f Immediate Parameter Count
|Vector3f Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x2C
|0x2C
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Pointer Immediate Parameter Base Index
|Pointer Property Parameter Base Index
|-
|-
|0x30
|0x30
|0x04
|0x04
|u32
|u32
|Pointer Immediate Parameter Count
|Pointer Property Parameter Count
|-
|-
|0x34
|0x34
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|}
|}


==== Immediate Parameters ====
==== Property Parameters ====
This section contains an array of immediate parameters for nodes. The section begins with a six u32 relative offsets to the first entry for each data type. The data type order for this section is int, bool, float, string, vector3f, and pointer.
This section contains an array of property parameters for nodes. The section begins with a six u32 relative offsets to the first entry for each data type. The data type order for this section is int, bool, float, string, vector3f, and pointer.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Parameter Entry
|+Parameter Entry
Line 1,223: Line 1,226:


==== Input/Output Parameters ====
==== Input/Output Parameters ====
This section contains an array of input and output parameter entries. Similarly to the immediate parameters section, the section begins with u32 relative offsets to the first entry of each data type. However, instead of six offsets, there are 12 - two for each data type (one input, one output). The order of parameters in this section is int input, int output, bool input, bool output, float intput, float output, string input, string output, vector3f input, vector3f output, pointer input, and pointer output.
This section contains an array of input and output parameter entries. These appear to be canonically referred to as "plugs". Similarly to the property parameters section, the section begins with u32 relative offsets to the first entry of each data type. However, instead of six offsets, there are 12 - two for each data type (one input, one output). The order of parameters in this section is int input, int output, bool input, bool output, float intput, float output, string input, string output, vector3f input, vector3f output, pointer input, and pointer output.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Input Parameter Entry
|+Input Parameter Entry
Line 1,383: Line 1,386:
|}
|}


==== Resident Update Array ====
==== Active Node Update Array ====
This section is an array of entries for resident nodes that are updated mid-node update sequence. The first four bytes specify the number of entries. Each entry is four bytes.
This section is an array of entries for updates to the active node array. The first four bytes specify the number of entries. Each entry is four bytes.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
Line 1,397: Line 1,400:
|-
|-
|1
|1
|Update Post Current Command Calculation
|Update Post Calc
|}
|}
If the first byte of the flags is set to false, then the entry contains another four bytes with a string offset (purpose unknown). By default, the node is scheduled to update pre-next command calculation, however, this can change depending on the flags set. Additionally, Fork and Join nodes behave differently. Fork nodes will append the node to the run array while Join nodes will update the node post-current command calculation.
If the first byte of the flags is set to false, then the entry contains another four bytes with a string offset (purpose unknown). Otherwise, the entry is considered valid if the first byte equals 1. When processing a node graph, the game maintains an array of active root nodes. When a command calculated, the root node of the command is added to this array and it and its child nodes are calculated recursively. An active node update will change the current active root node to the specified node. This usually happens right before the next command's calculation occurs, but if the top bit is set, then it will occur immediately after the current command's calculation finishes (if the source node is an Element_Join nodes, it will always update the active node post current command calculation). This is primarily used for "subroutines" that run a single time then return to the main execution routine. This system is also used for Element_Fork and Element_Join nodes. An Element_Fork node, unlike normal nodes, will replace the entire current active node array with its array of active node updates (essentially forking execution into multiple different paths). The node at the end of each of these paths will optionally also have an active node update referencing a specific Element_Join node. Each of these nodes will push the Element_Join into the active node array. However, Element_Join nodes have an property parameter called InFlowNum and until it has been pushed onto the array that many times in a single calculation, it will not activate and remain dormant. However, once this threshold is reached, it will begin execution (with a guard to make sure only one of the instances added to the array will execute).


==== 0x50 Section ====
==== 0x50 Section ====
This section is unused in ''Tears of the Kingdom''.
This section is unused in ''Tears of the Kingdom''.


==== Precondition Nodes Array ====
==== Query Node Array ====
This section is an array of entries of precondition nodes present in the file.
This section is an array of entries of query nodes present in the file.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Precondition Node Entry
|+Query Node Entry
!Offset
!Offset
!Size
!Size
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|0x02
|0x02
|u16
|u16
|Precondition Node Index (local to number of precondition nodes)
|Query Node Index (local to number of query nodes)
|-
|-
|0x02
|0x02
Line 1,853: Line 1,856:
The string pool is an array of null-terminated strings encoded with UTF-8. All string offsets in this section are relative to the beginning of the string pool.
The string pool is an array of null-terminated strings encoded with UTF-8. All string offsets in this section are relative to the beginning of the string pool.


==== Embedded AINB Files ====
==== AINB Modules ====
This section contains an array of all external AINB files linked to the current AINB file. The first four bytes specify the entry count.
This section contains an array of all AINB modules linked to the current AINB file. The first four bytes specify the entry count.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Embedded AINB File Entry
|+AINB Module Entry
!Offset
!Offset
!Size
!Size
Line 1,878: Line 1,881:
|}
|}


==== Entry Strings ====
==== External Action Array ====
The purpose of this section is unknown. The first four bytes specify the entry count.
This section appears to interact with XLink. The first four bytes specify the entry count.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Entry String Entry
|+Entry String Entry
Watertoon
46

edits

Retrieved from "https://epd.zeldamods.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/84...133"